Strep Throat 101

Strep throat is a common illness, especially with school-aged children, but it can affect people of all ages. It's caused by a type of bacteria called Streptococcus pyogenes, and while it can be uncomfortable, it is treatable.

Strep throat spreads easily through droplets from an infected person's coughs or sneezes. You can also catch it by touching a surface that has these droplets and then touching your mouth or nose. Strep throat is highly contagious, especially in close settings like schools, daycare centers, or shared living spaces.

If untreated, strep throat remains contagious for about 10-21 days. However, once someone starts taking antibiotics, the contagious period typically drops to about 24 hours. It's important to stay home from work, school, or other group settings until you've been on antibiotics for at least a full day to prevent spreading the illness.

Strep throat can be mistaken for a viral infection, like the common cold, but there are some key differences. Viral sore throats tend to come with additional cold-like symptoms, such as:

• Runny nose
• Cough
• Hoarseness or loss of voice

If these symptoms are present, a viral infection is more likely, and antibiotics won't be effective. Strep throat generally doesn't come with these cold-like symptoms.

Strep throat symptoms often include:

• Sudden onset of a sore throat
• Pain when swallowing
• Red and swollen tonsils, sometimes with white patches or streaks of pus
• Fever (often above 101°F)
• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
• Lack of cough (coughing is more common with viral infections)

If you or your child notice any of these symptoms, it's a good idea to see a health care provider. A simple rapid strep test or throat culture can confirm the diagnosis.

Once diagnosed, antibiotics are the most effective way to treat strep throat. It's important to take the full course of medication, even if symptoms improve, to prevent complications. In addition to antibiotics, here are some tips for managing symptoms at home:

• Stay hydrated: Drinking water or warm liquids like soup or tea can soothe the throat and prevent dehydration.
• Use over-the-counter pain relief: Medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help reduce pain and fever.
• Rest: Encourage plenty of rest, as the body needs time to heal.
• Gargle with salt water: This can ease throat pain and inflammation.

Strep throat is a common and contagious illness, but it's manageable with proper care. Knowing the signs and getting treatment early can help prevent complications and reduce the spread of the infection. If you suspect strep throat, consult with your health care provider for testing and treatment.